What are Trial Pits, Boreholes, and In-situ Testing?

Trial pits and boreholes are extensively used for sub-ground analysis and to understand ground conditions. At CTS our experienced site investigation teams are specialists in trial pits, boreholes, and in-situ testing and provide support during site investigations, soil analysis, or geological survey.

Trial pits are a cost-effective technique used to assess soil profiles and groundwater conditions, as well as to determine foundation type and depth.

They are carried out on any below-ground structure to collect relevant and accurate information for the client. Trial pits, boreholes, and in-situ testing can also be used to expose foundation piles to check the correct location or carry out pile-specific tests.

In-site Testing

Our Services

Trial Pits

Trial pits are excavated by hand digging techniques for the purpose of confirming shallow foundation construction of existing buildings, for locating existing utilities, or for sampling the near-surface soils.

Boreholes

Boreholes are carried out as an extension to the trial pits or as an independent investigation to determine soil strata and the presence of roots. These are generally to a depth of 3m or 5m, but our capabilities extend beyond this. Soil samples are retrieved and, along with roots, are sent to our UKAS-accredited* laboratories where a range of tests can be conducted.

Trial Pits Testing Process

The process of trial pits testing involves the excavation of specific areas of ground to gather information about soil profiles, groundwater conditions, and foundation types etc. the testing process involves the following key stages:-

  • Site Preparation and Excavation 
  • Soil Sampling 
  • Visual inspection 
  • Groundwater observation 
  • In-situ testing (if applicable) SPT or CPT tests, plus Hand Shear Vane and Mackintosh Probe
  • Interpretation analysis and reporting 

Borehole Testing Process

Boreholes can be carried out either by hand, using a hand auger to minimise ground disruption, or by one of the following mechanical methods mentioned below:

  • Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) drills provide a rapid and cost-effective means for drilling boreholes in clay and granular soils.
  • Window samplers are an alternative to hand augers, providing disturbed samples in restricted access situations. They are mostly applicable to clay soils.
  • Mini rig (archway) is a track-mounted rig that uses the same system as the window sampler but is far more heavy-duty. This is capable of casing boreholes to achieve the required depth in poor ground conditions. It is also capable of carrying out in-situ strength tests of either SPT (standard penetration test) or a dynamic probe that consists of a continuous penetration test to the required depth. This gives clients a comprehensive strength chart for the full depth of the test.

Mechanical options can also be used to install Datums water and gas monitoring wells.

In addition to trial pits and boreholes, at CTS we offer a comprehensive range of in-situ testing services including:

  • Penetration tests using a Mackintosh probe
  • Standard penetration tests (SPT)
  • Shear vane tests to understand the undrained shear strength of soil

Frequently Asked Questions

* To view our full UKAS schedule visit here.

Why Choose CTS for Trial Pits, Boreholes, And In-Situ Testing Services? 

At CTS our specialist team provides fast, effective, and accurate trial pits, boreholes, and in-situ testing services to the highest standards ensuring complete satisfaction from our clients.

To find out more about our trial pits, boreholes, and in-situ testing services, please get in touch with a member of the CTS team today, and we’ll be more than happy to answer any questions you may have regarding our services and how we can help you.

Our Other Site Investigation Services: